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我国企业人工智能应用现状与挑战

徐文伟,肖立志,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 173-183 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.010

摘要：在国家宏观层面，有必要构建更友好的AI产业生态环境，促进AI全产业链协同发展；以更有力的具体举措支持AI产业的技术研发，特别是全栈AI、AI基础平台及工具体系、AI根技术等，提高我国AI核心技术的自主可控能力；鼓励企业积极实施数字化转型，采用AI技术进行智能化升级，形成AI产业技术研发、企业AI落地创新的强耦合及双向循环。

AI应用开发的全流程作为一项系统工程，其本质是将算法开发的流水线进行工程化，形成降本增效的应用场景；通过子流程的密切配合，形成小型闭环（见全流程

AI进入企业核心生产环境也是一项系统工程，最重要的环节是行业机理模型与AI模型的结合 [

建议支持AI产业链发展，扶持全栈AI国产化，完善AI基础平台及工具体系，培育国产AI根技术，提高AI核心技术的自主可控能力。

关键词：人工智能企业场景智能解决方案落地应用全栈AI AI根技术

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Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 177-182 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0241-1

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Bridging the gap: Neuro-Symbolic Computing for advanced AI applications in construction

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 727-735 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0266-0

摘要： Deep Learning (DL) has revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various domains such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing. However, DL models have limitations including the need for large labeled datasets, lack of interpretability and explainability, potential bias and fairness issues, and limitations in common sense reasoning and contextual understanding. On the other side, DL has shown significant potential in construction for safety and quality inspection tasks using CV models. However, current CV approaches may lack spatial context and measurement capabilities, and struggle with complex safety and quality requirements. The integration of Neuro-Symbolic Computing (NSC), an emerging field that combines DL and symbolic reasoning, has been proposed as a potential solution to address these limitations. NSC has the potential to enable more robust, interpretable, and accurate AI systems in construction by harnessing the strengths of DL and symbolic reasoning. The combination of symbolism and connectionism in NSC can lead to more efficient data usage, improved generalization ability, and enhanced interpretability. Further research and experimentation are needed to effectively integrate NSC with large models and advance CV technologies for precise reporting of safety and quality inspection results in construction.

关键词： advanced AI in construction safety and quality inspection Neuro-Symbolic Computing Deep Learning computer vision

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Intelligent high-speed cutting database system development

XIANG Kejun, LIU Zhanqiang, AI Xing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 180-188 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0038-x

摘要： In this paper, the components of a high-speed cutting system are analyzed firstly. The component variables of the high-speed cutting system are classified into four types: uncontrolled variables, process variables, control variables, and output variables. The relationships and interactions of these variables are discussed. Then, by analyzing and comparing intelligent reasoning methods frequently used, the hybrid reasoning is employed to build the high-speed cutting database system. Then, the data structures of high-speed cutting case base and databases are determined. Finally, the component parts and working process of the high-speed cutting database system on the basis of hybrid reasoning are presented.

关键词： control hybrid reasoning process component uncontrolled

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Application of AI techniques in monitoring and operation of power systems

David Wenzhong GAO, Qiang WANG, Fang ZHANG, Xiaojing YANG, Zhigang HUANG, Shiqian MA, Qiao LI, Xiaoyan GONG, Fei-Yue WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 71-85 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0589-4

摘要： In recent years, the artificial intelligence (AI) technology is becoming more and more popular in many areas due to its amazing performance. However, the application of AI techniques in power systems is still in its infancy. Therefore, in this paper, the application potentials of AI technologies in power systems will be discussed by mainly focusing on the power system operation and monitoring. For the power system operation, the problems, the demands, and the possible applications of AI techniques in control, optimization, and decision making problems are discussed. Subsequently, the fault detection and stability analysis problems in power system monitoring are studied. At the end of the paper, a case study to use the neural network (NN) for power flow analysis is provided as a simple example to demonstrate the viability of AI techniques in solving power system problems.

关键词： power system operation and monitoring artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning power flow analysis

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Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst for CH

Xiaohong LI, Jun AI, Wenying LI, Dongxiong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 476-480 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0512-y

摘要： A co-precipitation method was employed to prepare Ni/Al O -ZrO , Co/Al O -ZrO and Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalysts. Their properties were characterized by N adsorption (BET), thermogravimetric analysis TGA , temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (CO -TPD), and temperature-programmed surface reaction (CH -TPSR and CO -TPSR). Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO bimetallic catalyst has good performance in the reduction of active components Ni, Co and CO adsorption. Compared with mono-metallic catalyst, bimetallic catalyst could provide more active sites and CO adsorption sites (C+ CO = 2CO) for the methane-reforming reaction, and a more appropriate force formed between active components and composite support (SMSI) for the catalytic reaction. According to the CH -CO -TPSR, there were 80.9% and 81.5% higher CH and CO conversion over Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst, and its better resistance to carbon deposition, less than 0.5% of coke after 4 h reaction, was found by TGA. The high activity and excellent anti-coking of the Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst were closely related to the synergy between Ni and Co active metal, the strong metal-support interaction and the use of composite support.

关键词： Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst composite support CH₄ reforming with CO₂

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中国人工智能的伦理原则及其治理技术发展 Review

吴文峻,黄铁军,龚克

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第3期页码 302-309 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.015

摘要：

伦理原则和治理技术对于人工智能（AI）的健康和可持续发展至关重要。为了实现AI造福人类社会这一长期目标，中国政府、研究机构和企业已经发布了AI的伦理原则，并启动了研究AI治理技术的项目。此外，本文总结了AI治理研究中所面临的主要挑战，并讨论了未来的研究方向。

关键词：人工智能伦理，人工智能治理技术，机器学习，隐私，安全，公平

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One-step synthesis of

Kuiyi YOU, Fangfang ZHAO, Xueyan LONG, Pingle LIU, Qiuhong AI, Hean LUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1218-0

摘要： A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of -caprolactam via the liquid phase nitrosation of cyclohexane and nitrosyl sulfuric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid has been developed. A series of novel AlVPO composites were prepared by an impregnation method and the composites were then employed to catalyze the nitrosation reaction of cyclohexane and nitrosyl sulfuric acid. Compared to the reaction using fuming sulfuric acid, the selectivity for the desired product was significantly improved using this one-step catalytic process. This method affords a shortcut to prepare -caprolactam and its analogs from cyclohexane.

关键词： cyclohexane ?-caprolactam AlVPO composite catalysts one-step synthesis concentrated sulfuric acid

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Ensemble unit and AI techniques for prediction of rock strain

Pradeep T; Pijush SAMUI; Navid KARDANI; Panagiotis G ASTERIS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 858-870 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0831-3

摘要： The behavior of rock masses is influenced by a variety of forces, with measurement of stress and strain playing the most critical roles in assessing deformation. The laboratory test for determining strain at each location within rock samples is expensive and difficult but rock strain data are important for predicting failure of rock material. Many researchers employ AI technology in order to solve these difficulties. AI algorithms such as gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and group method of data handling (GMDH) are used to efficiently estimate the strain at every point within a rock sample. Additionally, the ensemble unit (EnU) may be utilized to evaluate rock strain. In this study, 3000 experimental data are used for the purpose of prediction. The obtained strain values are then evaluated using various statistical parameters and compared to each other using EnU. Ranking analysis, stress-strain curve, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, actual vs. predicted curve, error matrix and the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) values are used for comparing models. The GBM model achieved 98.16% and 99.98% prediction accuracy (in terms of values of R²) in the longitudinal and lateral dimensions, respectively, during the testing phase. The GBM model, based on the experimental data, has the potential to be a new option for engineers to use when assessing rock strain.

关键词： prediction strain ensemble unit rank analysis error matrix

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Novel quantum-inspired firefly algorithm for optimal power quality monitor placement

Ling Ai WONG,Hussain SHAREEF,Azah MOHAMED,Ahmad Asrul IBRAHIM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 254-260 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0302-1

摘要： The application of a quantum-inspired firefly algorithm was introduced to obtain optimal power quality monitor placement in a power system. The conventional binary firefly algorithm was modified by using quantum principles to attain a faster convergence rate that can improve system performance and to avoid premature convergence. In the optimization process, a multi-objective function was used with the system observability constraint, which is determined via the topological monitor reach area concept. The multi-objective function comprises three functions: number of required monitors, monitor overlapping index, and sag severity index. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by applying the algorithm to an IEEE 118-bus transmission system and by comparing the algorithm with others of its kind.

关键词： quantum-inspired binary firefly algorithm topological monitor reach area power quality

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Impact of dissolved oxygen on the production of nitrous oxide in biological aerated filters

Qiang He, Yinying Zhu, Guo Li, Leilei Fan, Hainan Ai, Xiaoliu Huangfu, Hong Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0964-0

摘要： Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and microelectrode technology were employed to evaluate the Nitrous oxide (N O) production in biological aerated filters (BAFs) under varied dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations during treating wastewater under laboratory scale. The average yield of gasous N O showed more than 4-fold increase when the DO levels were reduced from 6.0 to 2.0 mg·L , indicating that low DO may drive N O generation. PCR-DGGE results revealed that were dominant and may be responsible for N O emission from the BAFs system. While at a low DO concentration (2.0 mg·L ), might play a role. When DO concentration was the limiting factor (reduced from 6.0 to 2.0 mg·L ) for nitrification, it reduced NO -N oxidation as well as the total nitrification. The data from this study contribute to explain how N O production changes in response to DO concentration, and may be helpful for reduction of N O through regulation of DO levels.

关键词： Nitrous oxide Biological aerated filter Microelectrode Dissolved oxygen Biofilm

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Uncoupled state space solution to layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid

Zhiyong AI, Wenze ZENG, Yichong CHENG, Chao WU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 171-179 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0103-0

摘要： This paper presents an uncoupled state space solution to three-dimensional consolidation of layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid. Starting from the basic equations of poroelastic medium, and introducing intermediate variables, the state space equation usually comprising eight coupled state vectors is uncoupled into two sets of equations of six and two state vectors in the Laplace-Fourier transform domain. Combined with the continuity conditions between adjacent layers and boundary conditions, the uncoupled state space solution of a layered poroelastic medium is obtained by using the transfer matrix method. Numerical results show that the anisotropy of permeability and the compressibility of pore fluid have remarkable influence on the consolidation behavior of poroelastic medium.

关键词： uncoupled state space solution layered poroelastic medium three-dimensional consolidation anisotropic permeability compressible pore fluid

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Roles of acid-producing bacteria in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

Sijia Ai, Hongyu Liu, Mengjie Wu, Guangming Zeng, Chunping Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1050-y

摘要：

Three acid-producing strains were isolated and identified.

The isolated bacteria accelerated the anaerobic digestion processes.

Bacillus coagulans improved TCOD removal, VS removal and biogas production.

The optimal inoculum concentration of Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 was 30%.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste activated sludge Acid-producing bacteria Bacillus coagulans

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人工智能独立医用软件监管研究

张建楠,李莹莹,周佳卉,朱烨琳,李兰娟

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第1期页码 198-204 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.021

摘要：人工智能（AI）独立医用软件是人工智能时代赋能医疗健康领域的重要产物。随着人工智能的深入发展，人工智能独有的黑盒算法及自主学习能力引起了巨大的监管挑战。AI 独立医用软件的监管需要与时俱进，为最大程度降低人工智能医疗软件不良事件发生率和风险影响，我们亟待寻求更为科学合理的监管应对方案。对此，本文从AI 技术特征监管应对出发，针对算法变更管理、质量控制、安全追溯等监管上存在的痛点和难点问题梳理了国内外AI 独立医用软件相关监管制度和支撑资源的现状。分析总结了我国AI 独立医用软件监管在制度层面、支撑资源层面仍面临的一些问题与挑战，并针对上市后监管短板提出了措施建议：系统完善AI 独立医用软件监管制度，深化AI 独立医用软件监管支撑体系。以期能够为进一步完善我国AI 独立医用软件科学监管提供参考。

关键词：独立医用软件，人工智能，监管科学

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人在回路的深度强化学习算法及其在自动驾驶智能决策中的应用 Article

吴京达, 黄志宇, 胡中旭, 吕辰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 75-91 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.017

摘要：因为人类在复杂场景中表现出稳健性和适应性，所以将人类引入人工智能（AI）的训练回路并利用人类智能进一步提升机器学习算法变得至关重要。

关键词：人在回路AI 深度强化学习人类指导自动驾驶